The port city of Charleston became an important center of commerce and culture. The interior or upcountry, meanwhile, was being slowly settled by small farmers and traders, who pushed the dwindling tribes of Native Americans to the west. Its merchants and planters formed a strong governing class, contributing many leaders to the fight for independence.
More Revolutionary War battles and skirmishes were fought in South Carolina than any other state, including major engagements at Sullivan's Island , Camden , Kings Mountain , and Cowpens. South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23, , becoming the eighth state to enter the union. In the following years the state grew and prospered. With the invention of the cotton gin, cotton became a major crop, particularly in the upcountry. A new capital city, Columbia, was founded in the center of the state, reducing somewhat the political power of the lowcountry elite.
Dissatisfaction with the federal government and its tariff policies grew during this period. In the s South Carolinian John C. Calhoun developed the theory of nullification, by which a state could reject any federal law it considered to be a violation of its rights.
Armed conflict was avoided during this period, but by tensions between the state and the federal government reached a climax. Unhappy over restrictions on free trade and about calls for the abolition of slavery, South Carolina seceded from the union on December 20, , the first of the Southern states to do so.
The Civil War and its aftermath were devastating for South Carolina. The state lost nearly one fifth of the white male population, and its economy was shattered. The final blow came in early when General William T. Sherman marched his troops through South Carolina, burning plantations and most of the city of Columbia.
The Reconstruction period that followed the war was marked by general economic, social, and political upheaval. The former white leaders found themselves without money or political power, while the large population of freed slaves sought to improve their economic and political positions. When federal troops withdrew in , white conservatives led by Governor Wade Hampto n were able to take control of state government once again.
Although the settlement was rebuilt, the Spanish concentrated their forces in Florida after British pirate Sir Francis Drake destroyed St. The British would be the next to colonize the area.
This activity can be copied directly into your Google Classroom, where you can use it for practice, as an assessment, or, to collect data. Upgrade to MrN to access our entire library of incredible educational resources and teacher tools in an ad-free environment. If you like MrNussbaum. Advertise HERE! Wild pigs, bobcats , gray foxes, and river otters are some of the mammals that live here.
South Carolina is home to reptiles such as American alligators , corn snakes, and gopher tortoises. Amphibians like the eastern narrowmouth toad and pine barrens tree frog can also be found in the state. Local wildflowers that share their name with the state include the Carolina wild petunia, Carolina phlox, Carolina desert-thorn, Carolina silverbell, and Carolina geranium.
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