A single dose of KI potassium iodide protects the thyroid gland for 24 hours. A one-time dose at recommended levels is usually all that is needed to protect the thyroid gland. In some cases, people can be exposed to radioactive iodine for more than 24 hours.
If that happens, public health or emergency management officials may tell you to take one dose of KI potassium iodide every 24 hours for a few days. Avoid repeat dosing with KI potassium iodide for pregnant and breastfeeding women and newborn infants.
Side effects of KI potassium iodide may include stomach or gastro-intestinal upset, allergic reactions, rashes, and inflammation of the salivary glands. When taken as recommended, KI potassium iodide can cause rare adverse health effects related to the thyroid gland. Newborn infants less than 1 month old who receive more than one dose of KI potassium iodide are at risk for developing a condition known as hypothyroidism thyroid hormone levels that are too low.
If not treated, hypothyroidism can cause brain damage. KI potassium iodide is available without a prescription. People should only take KI potassium iodide on the advice of public health or emergency management officials. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Radiation Emergencies. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Potassium Iodide KI.
Minus Related Pages. What is Potassium Iodide KI? How does KI potassium iodide work? Who can take KI potassium iodide? How is KI potassium iodide given? How often should I take KI potassium iodide? Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco. The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine.
Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:. If potassium iodide upsets your stomach, take it after meals or with food or milk unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
If stomach upset nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea continues, check with your doctor. The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.
The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine. If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule.
Do not double doses. Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing. Your doctor should check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine does not cause unwanted effects. Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention.
The primary protective measure for the ingestion pathway is the control of the food supply to prevent ingestion of contaminated products. A study of a sample of those who were administered KI in Poland, following the Chernobyl accident, provides information on side effects of KI. One in of the newborns receiving 15 mg of KI showed transient biochemical hypothyroidism.
The effects observed in adults and children were generally of little clinical significance. In two cases, adults with known iodine sensitivity were hospitalized. In December , FDA issued a revised guidance document, which recommends the following lowest effective dosages for the different age groups. KI is currently FDA-approved and available over-the-counter in mg and mg tablets and liquid form.
The mg tablets are larger than the mg tablets and scored in quarters. Dosing at the FDA recommended level is much easier with the liquid or mg tablets.
The pills can either be cut on the score lines or crushed to make lower doses, which will help parents and caregivers measure the right dose for younger children or babies, who cannot take pills. For example, if a mg pill were dissolved in 8 ounces of juice or other liquid, one ounce would contain 16 mg of KI.
Efforts should be made to dose at the FDA recommended level, especially for neonates. Since it is hard to cut many pills, the State Health Commissioner says that, in an emergency, it is safe for children at school or day care centers to take the whole pill.
Children 12 years and under should take one mg tablet. Children over 12 years or over pounds should take one mg tablet or two mg tablets. If the appropriate dosage is not available, the New York State Commissioner of Health supports the administration of the mg tablet for children in the event of emergencies. This dose is safe and well within the recommended therapeutic range of KI for other indications. The blocking effect of iodide on the thyroid lasts only a few days and any suppressive effect of KI on thyroid function has been shown to be minimal, even in young children.
Administered KI is effective for about 24 hours. The State or local health department will issue instructions regarding how long to continue taking KI. Once individuals are removed from the areas affected by the release, there is no need to continue taking KI. It could be in either form. For prophylactic use in nuclear power plant emergencies in the US it is marketed in both liquid and tablet form. After the Chernobyl accident, Poland used the liquid form to administer KI to its population.
KI is currently FDAapproved and available over-the-counter in mg and mg tablets and liquid form. The shelf life approved by FDA for different manufacturers of the drug ranges from five to seven years.
However, if properly stored protected from air, heat, light and moisture , KI can maintain its form for many years without significant degradation.
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