In addition to having a much higher correlation, there is a lot of speculation that the two conditions may have a causative relationship. However, establishing these numbers and correlations is complicated because the standard methods of IQ testing are not necessarily effective with autistic individuals.
More than a decade ago, a study called the Special Needs and Autism Project SNAP led by the Department of Psychology and Human Development at the Institute of Education in the UK, concluded that the links between autism and intellectual disability were less common than had been historically assumed. In fact, when autism was first diagnosed, the link between the disorder and intellectual disability was called into question almost immediately. Modern IQ tests are more accurate and may make use of techniques to assess intelligence without inadvertently being thrown off by autism symptoms.
But the jury is still out on whether or not autism itself contributes to intellectual disabilities. In fact, there is almost as much evidence that the correlation could be in the opposite direction.
Other studies have found that different cognitive processes could be affected in high-IQ individuals with ASD, potentially creating the likelihood that their intelligence is underrated on standard tests. This trend may be under-recognized in the ASD population. A study led by Radbound University Medical Centre and the Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior in the Netherlands found that high-IQ autism patients consistently performed worse relative to a non-autistic control group with the same IQ range on cognitive tests, while low-IQ ASD patients performed on par with their neurotypical counterparts.
The importance of that finding for ABAs is that the cognitive deficits in high-IQ ASD patients may have underlying causes that are not rooted in the syndrome itself. They may benefit more from therapies targeting cognitive skills specifically.
ASD patients with any IQ can have different functional capabilities, which is part of the reason that ABAs routinely conduct individual functional behavior assessments of their patients, regardless of any other test the patient may have undergone in the past.
Patients of this sort may be less responsive to conditioning that requires astute perception and understanding, but many ABA therapies, such as discrete trial training , can break down the therapy into as many simple steps as are required.
In one sense, it should be no great surprise that a disability arising from fundamental differences in brain structure, such as ASD , could correlate to another quality based on brain structure. Yet it continues to be mysterious that one syndrome could result in such radically different outcomes in different patients. MRI investigations comparing the brains of ASD patients to neurotypical control groups unearth a number of differences in activity within the areas of the brain commonly used for social communication and repetitive behaviors.
In the case of autistic savants, those areas are apparently repurposed to perform other feats of intelligence. Understanding why this happens in some cases but not others is simply another line of inquiry in attempts to understand the mechanisms of autism.
However, high compensators reported greater anxiety than low compensators. Anecdotally autistic people report compensating in social situations as an exhausting, taxing process, which may have an effect on their mental wellbeing. As well as highlighting potential mental health problems for autistic people who learn to compensate, the research also suggests some autistic people may be going misdiagnosed.
But if you were diagnosed with it before, this will stay as your diagnosis. It can affect people in the same family. So it may sometimes be passed on to a child by their parents. Some autistic people have a learning disability. This means they may find it hard to look after themselves and need help with daily life. Page last reviewed: 18 April Next review due: 18 April What is autism? Autistic people may act in a different way to other people Autistic people may: find it hard to communicate and interact with other people find it hard to understand how other people think or feel find things like bright lights or loud noises overwhelming, stressful or uncomfortable get anxious or upset about unfamiliar situations and social events take longer to understand information do or think the same things over and over Information: If you think you or your child may be autistic, get advice about the signs of autism.
Video: we are autistic This video shows how autism can affect everyday life and how you can help support and understand autistic people.
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